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September 9th, 2013:

I Martiri della Fratellanza – The Martyrs of Brotherhood

The testimony of the forty innocent Burundian seminarians killed just because they refused to hate one another should be better known and become a model and example of the aspirations of the African youth. Looking at their white tombs, we must not be overcome by desperation. We should rather say, as Pope Francis said of Don Pino, the Italian priest who was killed for opposing the Mafia: “They have won, with the risen Christ”

Forty pictures, the faces of forty young boys looking straight, but shyly, into the camera. Pictures to be pasted on their school report, boys like a million others in Africa. But these forty boys are somehow different because of the way they died. The pictures were taken at the beginning of the 1997 school year in Burundi, while the country was suffering because of some of Africa’s bitterest ethnic violence, a spillover from the genocide in neighbouring Rwanda. A few weeks after, at about 5:30 in the morning of the 30 April 1997, some members of the Hutu rebel group, the National Council for the Defence of Democracy (CNDD), attacked the seminary of Buta, killing the forty young seminarians aged between fifteen and twenty years.

Since the beginning of the country’s civil war in October 1993, the Buta Seminary had been a tranquil refuge for members of the two warring ethnic groups, the pastoral Hutu and the more nomadic Tutsi that have been locked in deadly genocidal war since 1972. The seminary too had been marred by ethnic division, but in the most recent years under the guidance of their rector, the boys had taken as their special commitment, to live as brothers, witnessing that Jesus calls everybody and is against ethnic division and hatred.

They had just concluded their Easter retreat when the attackers surprised them at night, in the dormitory, and ordered them to separate into two groups, the Hutus on one side, the Tutsi on the other. They wanted to kill some of them, but the seminarians refused, preferring to die together. Their evil scheme having failed, the killers rushed at the boys and slaughtered them with bullets and grenades. The first victims fell as they embraced as brothers. At that point some of the seminarians were heard singing psalms of praise and others were saying “Forgive them Lord, for they know not what they do”. Others, instead of fighting or trying to run away, preferred to help their distressed brothers, knowing exactly what was going to happen to them. A few of them, and some teachers who were not in that building, survived to tell the story. Now those forty pictures are on the forty white tombs in the yard outside their dormitory.

The forty boys have been called the Martyrs of Brotherhood and their beatification cause—to proclaim them as examples of Christian living—started a short time after their death. It has been moving on slowly, very slowly, as it is usual in these cases. But the most recent beatification of Don Pino could give it a boost.

In defence of virtue and truth
Father Giuseppe Puglisi, known by his parishioners as Don Pino, was killed by hit men on 15 September 1993, in Palermo, Italy, and was proclaimed blessed and “martyr of the Mafia” on 25 May 2013. Don Pino was killed because he spoke, acted and taught his parishioners, in particular the youth, to react against the criminal organisation of the Mafia, which was deeply ingrained in the local society. He knew that the Mafia bosses had ordered his killing, but was not deterred. His aim was to make of his parish youth, honest citizens and leaders in the fields of justice and peace. It is the first time that a victim of the Mafia becomes a martyr of the Catholic Church.

The path that led to the beatification of Don Pino was rough, and once was stopped because he was not assassinated in odium fidei (hatred for the faith) which used to be the essential criterion for the Church to proclaim somebody a Christian martyr. The process for the beatification of a martyr is usually much faster than other similar processes. The reasoning behind this is that a martyr has in a clear way died for his faithfulness to Jesus, while for people who died in other circumstances their holiness of life and the soundness of their teaching and preaching must be proved beyond any doubt, and this requires a long process of examining the life and the writings of the person in question. But the killers of Don Pino were Catholics—often, Mafia bosses like to sit in the front pew during important celebrations, to enhance their social status, and they proclaim themselves to be staunch Catholics—so their motivation for ordering the killing of Don Pino was not the hatred of the faith, but the hatred of Don Pino’s actions and teaching. Some thought that without hatred of the faith in the mind of the killers, there could be no martyrdom.

The new understanding of martyrdom that emerged during the beatification process of Don Pino is reflected in the words of Pope Francis who said: “Yesterday, in Palermo, Father Giuseppe Puglisi, a priest and martyr, was beatified, killed by the Mafia in 1993. Don Puglisi was an exemplary priest, devoted especially to the youth ministry. He was teaching the gospel to the children, and taking them out of the control of the criminal groups, and so they had tried to defeat him and killed him. The reality, though, is that he has won, with the Risen Christ! Let us pray to the Lord to convert the hearts of these people. They cannot do this! They cannot turn us, brothers, into slaves!”

So, the killers of Don Pino did not act in odium fidei, but in odium virtutis et veritatis, meaning in hatred of virtue and truth. They did not act because they wanted to destroy Christianity—possibly they considered themselves to be good Catholics! Don Pino stood against the evil ways they and their criminal organisation were using: it is what prompted them to kill him.

Don Pino’s beatification, many commentators pointed out, could become the first in a line of beatifications done because the martyr stood up against evil and was killed in hatred of virtue and truth. The most obvious and well-known example in this possible line-up is Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero of El Salvador, killed on 24 March 1980, while celebrating Mass, because he stood as a defender of the poor in his divided country.

Meekness and peace

Recently, Pope Francis addressed members of lay organisations gathered in St Peter’s Square, and spoke of Christians who are still victims of persecution: “There are more martyrs today than in past centuries. The martyrdom is never a defeat, it is the highest grade of testimony. A Christian must always have an attitude of unity and meekness, relying on Jesus. We must be close to those persecuted; they do experience the boundary between life and death.”

The Buta seminarians were also killed because of their stand for justice and Christian brotherhood. They too had decided to make of their community an example of fraternal living and of peace, in spite of the divided society around them. They too were killed most probably by other Catholics—Burundi is mostly a Catholic country—not so much for hatred of the faith, but for hatred of peace and justice, driven by the most brutal tribalism.

The forty innocent Burundian boys and their testimony should be better known and become a model and example of the aspirations of the African youth. Looking at their white tombs, we must not be overcome by desperation. We should rather say, as Pope Francis said of Don Pino: “They have won, with the risen Christ”.

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